All accounts show balances like they are Cr (Credit) on ERPNext V12.1.5

Other questions and thoughts -

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i have change system and user language to English or Arabic or Deutsch
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What are the locale specs for the server and client - do these match or differ?

For all accounts, the CoA lists zero values and not non-zero values as expected, provided you have actual data present!?

For more clues, inspect say the General Ledger Report for a set of line item transactions, then confirm the transaction flow is reasonable and correct as expected - the goal is to isolate and analyse a specific problem case, like this example Error in General Ledger - USD & IDR multicurrency case

Also if you use multicurrency, what currencies as that may add to the problem?