Figured this out, hope it helps someone.
I was using Mariadb version 10.6 on another machine, however that version has a limitation for tables that are ROW=COMPRESSED (which a few of the standard frappe module tables still are) in that it allows you to create them but forces them to be read-only, meaning you cannot put anything in them. During the installation process there are Link validations so that’s why I was seeing those errors.
To resolve you can either revert back to a previous version of MariaDB (eg. 10.5.X) like I did, or you can add innodb-read-only-compressed=FALSE to your my.cnf file.